国民党起义将军“周惠元”对四川和平解放的重大历史贡献（权威历史档案解密）（中英双语版）

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国民党起义将军“周惠元”对四川和平解放的重大历史贡献（权威历史档案解密）（中英双语版）

General Zhou Huiyuan of the Kuomintang Uprising made significant historical contributions to the peaceful liberation of Sichuan   (Decryption of Authoritative Historical Archives)   (Bilingual version in Chinese and English)

[原成都双流红石周家大院人物：周道刚、周惠元、周子言、照] [Original Chengdu Shuangliu Hongshi Zhou Family Courtyard Figures: Zhou Daogang, Zhou Huiyuan, Zhou Ziyan. Photo]

 

一、引言：历史转折中的国民党起义将军

 

周惠元（1904年生）出生于原成都市双流县红石舟渡周家大院，是中国近代史上一位重要的军事政治人物，作为黄埔军校第一期第一队优秀毕业生、孙文学会骨干成员、国民党中央军校总队长兼战术教官、国民党中央军校核心人物、国民党党务工作核心人物、四川本地将军、三民主义践行者等，周惠元在“国民革命军北阀战争”和“中国抗日战争”和“解放战争时期”都扮演了重要角色，有英勇表现。尤其在1949年四川和平解放的历史进程中，周惠元以川康绥靖公署少将参军的身份通电全国，率部率先在成都市附近的彭县起义（注：现在指的成都起义，实质就是指国军在成都附近的“彭县或彭州”起义），在周惠元本地起义将军的带动下，国民党军在四川的90多万部队就有36万人起义（其中：周惠元直接前后组织和动员的总计有26万国军部队起义，包括大量美式装备精锐部队），和15万国军投诚；周惠元将军的成功行动，展示了军事才能、政治智慧、历史担当，也彻底打乱了国民党军准备的“川西大决战”的部署，彻底粉碎了蒋介石以西南为“复兴基地”的迷梦；也阻止了胡宗南集团进入西康、退往云南、逃往国外的实施计划。周惠元将军为四川和平解放、和中国解放事业做出了贡献。

周惠元出生于原成都市双流县红石舟渡周家大院，祖上显赫，历代书香世阀；他也是北洋政府四川省督军、省主席、民国著名实业家“周道刚”的长子；周惠元小时候母亲因病早丧，父亲周道刚因公事特别繁忙很少顾家，小时候的周惠元学习优异，他是家中长子，在家还要照顾更年幼的三个弟弟，表现非常的懂事，也因此深得父亲周道刚的喜欢，并重点培养。

在家族的影响下，周惠元从小接受了良好的教育，早年就读于成属联中（今石室中学），后考入天津南开中学、国立北京师范大学；周惠元以优秀的成绩毕业于国立北京师范大学后，北洋政府曹锟总统推荐周惠元公派美国留学，但周惠元拒绝“曹锟”的推荐，自愿放弃了美国留学名额，而选择经“李大钊”的推荐，与同乡同龄的“孙元良”一起，南下同赴广州，考入黄埔军校第一期。

周惠元的父亲“周道刚”是民国时，四川现代工业、现代交通、现代商业的开创人、奠基人、民国著名实业家，家境殷实，也因此在周惠元考入黄埔军校后，周家族在经济上无上限出资支持黄埔军校的前期建设发展；因周家族在经济上无上限出资支持黄埔军校发展，得到了孙中山、胡汉民、廖仲恺的高度肯定，这也为周惠元提供了广阔的空间，使他在青年时期接触到了当时中国的政治军事精英。另外周惠元的高等教育背景使他在同时代的军人中具有更高的文化素养。

 

                             [民国父子将军对比简表 图] [Comparison Table of Generals from the Republic of China]

 

     [成都市档案馆永久保留的“周惠元”部分档案资料] [Part of the archival materials of "Zhou Huiyuan" permanently preserved by Chengdu Archives]

 

                                          [后辈“周汉林”同志，向孙中山先生致敬！ 2009年1月照] [Comrade Zhou Hanlin, a younger generation, pays tribute to Mr. Sun Yat sen! January 2009 photo]

 

                         [后辈“周汉林”同志，展示马英九书法] [Comrade Zhou Hanlin, a junior, showcases Ma Ying jeou's calligraphy]

 

（1）Introduction: The Kuomintang Uprising Generals at a Historical Turning Point

Zhou Huiyuan (born in 1904) was born in the Zhou Family Mansion in Hongshi Zhoudu, Shuangliu County, Chengdu City. He is an important military and political figure in modern Chinese history. As an outstanding graduate of the first team of the Huangpu Military Academy, a key member of the Sun Yat sen Society, the captain and tactical instructor of the Kuomintang Central Military Academy, a core figure of the Kuomintang Central Military Academy, a core figure of Kuomintang party affairs work, a local general in Sichuan, and a practitioner of the Three Principles of the People, Zhou Huiyuan played an important role in the "Northern Revolutionary Army War", "China's War of Resistance Against Japan", and "Liberation War period", and showed heroic performance. Especially in the historical process of the peaceful liberation of Sichuan in 1949, Zhou Huiyuan, as a major general of the Sichuan Kangxi Pacification Office, sent a telegram to the whole country and led his troops to lead the uprising in Pengxian near Chengdu (note: the Chengdu Uprising now refers to the "Pengxian or Pengzhou" uprising of the Nationalist Army near Chengdu). Under the leadership of Zhou Huiyuan, a local uprising general, the Nationalist Army's 900000 troops in Sichuan led to 360000 uprisings (including a total of 260000 Nationalist Army troops directly organized and mobilized by Zhou Huiyuan, including a large number of American equipped elite troops), and 150000 Nationalist Army defected; General Zhou Huiyuan's successful action demonstrated military talent, political wisdom, and historical responsibility, and completely disrupted the deployment of the Nationalist Army's "Western Sichuan Battle" and shattered Chiang Kai shek's dream of using the southwest as a "base for rejuvenation"; It also prevented the implementation plan of Hu Zongnan Group from entering Xikang, retreating to Yunnan, and fleeing abroad. General Zhou Huiyuan made contributions to the peaceful liberation of Sichuan and the liberation of China.

Zhou Huiyuan was born in the Zhou family's courtyard at Hongshi Zhoudu in Shuangliu County, Chengdu City. His ancestors were prominent and he has been a renowned scholar throughout history; He was also the eldest son of Zhou Daogang, the governor and chairman of Sichuan Province under the Beiyang Government, and a famous industrialist of the Republic of China; When Zhou Huiyuan was a child, his mother passed away early due to illness, and his father Zhou Daogang was very busy with work and rarely took care of the family. Zhou Huiyuan excelled in his studies and was the eldest son in the family. He also had to take care of his three younger brothers at home, showing a very sensible behavior. As a result, he was deeply loved by his father Zhou Daogang and received special attention in his upbringing.

Under the influence of his family, Zhou Huiyuan received a good education from a young age. He attended Chenglian Middle School (now Shishi Middle School) in his early years and later enrolled in Nankai Middle School in Tianjin and National Beijing Normal University; After graduating with excellent grades from National Beijing Normal University, Zhou Huiyuan was recommended by President Cao Kun of the Beiyang Government to study abroad in the United States. However, Zhou Huiyuan refused Cao Kun's recommendation and voluntarily gave up his study abroad spot in the United States. Instead, he chose to go south with his fellow countryman Sun Yuanliang, recommended by Li Dazhao, to Guangzhou and was admitted to the first term of Huangpu Military Academy.

Zhou Huiyuan's father, Zhou Daogang, was a pioneer and founder of modern industry, transportation, and commerce in Sichuan during the Republic of China era. He was a famous industrialist of the Republic of China and came from a wealthy family. Therefore, after Zhou Huiyuan was admitted to the Huangpu Military Academy, the Zhou family provided unlimited financial support for the early construction and development of the academy; Due to the unlimited financial support provided by the Zhou family for the development of Huangpu Military Academy, it received high recognition from Sun Yat sen, Hu Hanmin, and Liao Zhongkai. This also provided Zhou Huiyuan with broad opportunities to interact with the political and military elites of China at that time during his youth. In addition, Zhou Huiyuan's higher education background gave him a higher level of cultural literacy among his contemporaries in the military.

 

二、周惠元的军事生涯与政治立场

 

2.1周惠元起义前的军事简历

①1924年5月，经“李大钊”推荐考入黄埔军校第一期第一队，11月30日完成学业，1925年6月25日补行毕业典礼。

 

②1925年留校任军校第二期政治部指导股指导员，负责学员政治指导与思想教育工作。和加入国民党组织“孙文主义学会”，成为骨干成员，组织学会相关活动，在早期国民党内部派系中明确立场。

 

③1925年参加东征作战，调任国民革命军第一军指导员（属“何应钦”部），先后参与两次东征战役，随部队平定“陈炯明”叛乱，积累实战经验。

 

④1926年7月参加北伐征程，随国民革命军总司令部政治部参加北伐战争，参与沿途宣传动员与部队政治工作；同年冬，北伐军占领武汉后，调任中央军事政治学校武汉分校和“张治中”团长一起负责学员军事训练。

 

⑤1927年宁汉分裂后，选择支持南京蒋介石政府，5月任驻衢州国民革命军总司令部。

 

⑥1928年，在二次北伐中因得罪蒋介石核心亲信“刘峙”而仕途受挫。（“刘峙”是蒋介石的核心亲信，更是国军里的大贪官，又被称为“长腿将军”“猪将军”等）。

 

⑦1929年随军北上平津，参与北方地区军事部署工作；年末随同学“曾扩情”返回四川，任国民政府特派四川团务视察员，负责重建四川省国民党组织，推动党务工作开展。

 

⑧1930年5月参加中原大战，随第二师（师长“顾祝同”）参加中原大战，在山东曹县及河南兰封、考城一带与冯玉祥、阎锡山联军作战；战后调任第五十二师党务特派员，负责部队党务建设。

 

⑨1932年洛阳成立中央军校第一分校，任军官训练队总队长，主导军官集训与战术教学；不久调回南京军校本部，深度参与军校日常教学管理。

 

⑩1932-1937年多职兼任，历任大队长、总队附、军事教官等职。（覆盖中央军校第8期至14期）。

 

⑪1934年任军官教育队上校组长，专注于学员战术训练与军事理论授课，培养大批基层军事人才。

 

⑫1937年“抗日战争”爆发后，参与军事抗日战争。

南京沦陷后中央军校迁至成都，后继续投身军事教育，保障战时军官培养工作连续不中断，为“中国正面军事抗日战场源源输入军事人才”。

 

⑬1940年后，任成都中央军校上校总队附兼战术教官，结合中国全面抗日军事实战经验，优化教学内容，强调战术灵活性与战场适应性。

 

⑭1945年日本投降后，任中央训练团总队附，同时兼任由军校裁撤人员编成的军政部军官大队大队长，负责军官安置与集训管理。

 

⑮1946年军官大队编入成都第二十八军官总队，仍任大队长。

 

⑯1946年任川康绥靖公署少将参军，参与川康地区军政管理工作。

                         [周惠元青年时期的重要老师“李大钊”照] [Photo of Li Dazhao, an important teacher during Zhou Huiyuan's youth]

 

（2）Zhou Huiyuan's Military Career and Political Position

2.1  Military Resume of Zhou Huiyuan before the Uprising

① In May 1924, recommended by "Li Dazhao", he was admitted to the first team of the first phase of Huangpu Military Academy. He completed his studies on November 30th and held a graduation ceremony on June 25th, 1925.

② In 1925, he stayed at the military academy and served as an instructor in the Political Guidance Unit of the Second Military Academy, responsible for providing political guidance and ideological education to students. Joined the Kuomintang organization "Sun Yat sen Society" as a key member, organized activities related to the society, and clarified its position within the early factions of the Kuomintang.

③ In 1925, he participated in the Eastern Expedition and was transferred to the position of instructor of the First Army of the National Revolutionary Army (under the command of "He Yingqin"). He participated in two Eastern Expedition campaigns and helped the troops suppress the rebellion of "Chen Jiongming", accumulating practical experience.

④ In July 1926, he participated in the Northern Expedition with the Political Department of the General Headquarters of the National Revolutionary Army, and was involved in propaganda, mobilization, and political work along the way; In the winter of the same year, after the Northern Expedition Army occupied Wuhan, he was transferred to the Wuhan Branch of the Central Military and Political School and the head of the "Zhang Zhizhong" regiment to take charge of the military training of the trainees.

⑤ After the Ninghan split in 1927, he chose to support the Chiang Kai shek government in Nanjing and was appointed as the Commander in Chief of the National Revolutionary Army stationed in Quzhou in May.

⑥ In 1928, he suffered a setback in his career during the Second Northern Expedition due to offending Liu Zhi, a core confidant of Chiang Kai shek.

（Liu Zhi "was a core confidant of Chiang Kai shek and a corrupt official in the Nationalist Army, also known as the" Long Leg General "and" Pig General "）

⑦ In 1929, he went north with the army to Pingjin and participated in the military deployment work in the northern region; At the end of the year, I returned to Sichuan with my classmate "Zeng Xuanqing" and served as an inspector for the Sichuan Special Mission of the Nationalist Government, responsible for rebuilding the Kuomintang organization in Sichuan Province and promoting the development of party affairs.

⑧ In May 1930, he participated in the Central Plains War with the Second Division (commanded by Gu Zhutong) and fought against the coalition forces of Feng Yuxiang and Yan Xishan in Caoxian, Shandong, Lanfeng, and Kaocheng, Henan; After the war, he was transferred to the special commissioner for party affairs of the 52nd Division, responsible for party affairs construction of the army.

⑨ In 1932, the first branch of the Central Military Academy was established in Luoyang, serving as the captain of the officer training team and leading officer training and tactical teaching; Soon transferred back to the headquarters of Nanjing Military Academy and deeply involved in the daily teaching management of the military academy.

⑩ From 1932 to 1937, he held multiple positions and served as a team captain, commander, and military instructor.

(Covering the 8th to 14th editions of the Central Military Academy).

⑪ In 1934, he served as the captain of the officer education team, focusing on tactical training and military theory teaching for students, and cultivating a large number of grassroots military talents.

⑫ After the outbreak of the War of Resistance Against Japan in 1937, he participated in the military anti Japanese war.

After the fall of Nanjing, the Central Military Academy relocated to Chengdu and continued to devote itself to military education, ensuring the continuous training of officers during wartime and providing a steady stream of military talents for the "Chinese frontal military anti Japanese battlefield".

⑬ After 1940, he served as an attached tactical instructor for the Colonel Corps of the Chengdu Central Military Academy, combining China's comprehensive anti Japanese military combat experience to optimize teaching content, emphasizing tactical flexibility and battlefield adaptability.

⑭ After Japan's surrender in 1945, he served as a subordinate of the Central Training Corps and concurrently held the position of captain of the Military and Political Department Officer Brigade, which was composed of disbanded personnel from military academies, responsible for officer placement and training management.

⑮ In 1946, the Officer Brigade was incorporated into the 28th Officer Corps in Chengdu and continued to serve as the captain.

⑯ In 1946, he served as a Major General in the Sichuan Kangxi Pacification Office and participated in military and political management in the Sichuan Kangxi region.

 

 

2.2周惠元对中国共产党的认识与转变

周惠元对中国共产党的认识和态度经历一个转变过程。在黄埔军校任职时期，他作为孙文主义学会的组织者和骨干成员，对中共持敌对态度。然而，随着中国政治局势的变化和中国抗日战争全面爆发，他在国民党内倾向于联苏、联共，是国民党内的“亲苏派”。特别是他在与中共领导的八路军、新四军共同抗日的过程中，周惠元对中共的好感不断增加。

在抗日战争后期，周惠元在成都中央军校执教，这一时期，他接触到了中共思想和相关人士，对中共的主张和实践有了更深入的直接了解。

2.2  Zhou Huiyuan's understanding and transformation of the CPC

Zhou Huiyuan's understanding and attitude towards the CPC experienced a transformation process. During his tenure at Huangpu Military Academy, he held a hostile attitude towards the Communist Party of China as an organizer and key member of the Sun Yat sen Society. However, with the changes in China's political situation and the outbreak of the Chinese War of Resistance Against Japan, he tended to ally with the Soviet Union and the Communist Party within the Kuomintang, and was a "pro Soviet faction" within the Kuomintang. Especially during his joint resistance against Japan with the Eighth Route Army and the New Fourth Army led by the Communist Party, Zhou Huiyuan's favorable impression of the Communist Party continued to increase.

In the later stage of the War of Resistance Against Japan, Zhou Huiyuan taught at the Central Military Academy in Chengdu. During this period, he had contact with the ideology and relevant figures of the Communist Party of China, and had a deeper and more direct understanding of the Party's propositions and practices.

 

2.3国民党内的亲苏派“周惠元”，对国民党中央政策提出严肃质疑

周惠元对国民党中央政策一直存在显著争议，在抗战胜利后，周惠元向中央当局正式提出了严肃质疑，但收到效果甚微。后国共内战爆发，周惠元对孙中山先生创建起来的中国国民党已经失望，已经不是他心中曾经的中国国民党，这种在思想上的转变，促使他在家乡四川做出起义的组织行动。

2.3  The pro Soviet faction "Zhou Huiyuan" within the Kuomintang raises serious questions about the central policies of the Kuomintang

Zhou Huiyuan has always had significant controversy over the central policies of the Kuomintang. After the victory of the Anti Japanese War, Zhou Huiyuan formally raised serious questions to the central authorities, but received little effect. After the outbreak of the Chinese Civil War, Zhou Huiyuan was disappointed with the Chinese Nationalist Party founded by Sun Yat sen. It was no longer the Chinese Nationalist Party he once thought of. This ideological change prompted him to organize an uprising in his hometown of Sichuan.

 

三、周惠元在四川和平解放中的具体行动

 

3.1 周惠元策反多年亲密好友“胡宗南”的尝试

周惠元与胡宗南是黄埔军校第一期的同窗，还是军校同寝室室友，曾经关系亲密，一直是长期交集，是老相识，这为他的策反工作提供了便利；周惠元在川康绥靖公署担任少将参军的职务，也使他有很多机会接触到胡宗南的精锐部下。

胡宗南是蒋介石最核心的嫡系，国民党在西南地区的重要军事将领，掌握着大量嫡系军队，如果能够成功策反胡宗南，将对四川和平解放产生重大影响。

然而，刚开始周惠元策反胡宗南的工作未能成功。这主要是因为胡宗南对蒋介石的忠诚，以及他对共产党政策的误解和恐惧。尽管如此，周惠元的策反尝试表明了他追求和平解放四川的积极态度和行动，这种精神值得肯定。

（3）Zhou Huiyuan's Specific Actions in the Peaceful Liberation of Sichuan

3.1  Zhou Huiyuan's attempt to persuade his long-time close friend "Hu Zongnan"

Zhou Huiyuan and Hu Zongnan were classmates in the first phase of the Huangpu Military Academy and roommates in the same dormitory. They had a close relationship and had a long-term acquaintance, which provided convenience for his persuasion work; Zhou Huiyuan served as a Major General in the Sichuan Kangxi Pacification Office, which also provided him with many opportunities to interact with Hu Zongnan's elite subordinates.

Hu Zongnan was Chiang Kai shek's most core loyalist, an important military commander of the Kuomintang in the southwest region, and controlled a large number of loyalist armies. If he could successfully counter Hu Zongnan, it would have a significant impact on the peaceful liberation of Sichuan.

However, at the beginning, Zhou Huiyuan's attempt to persuade Hu Zongnan was unsuccessful. This is mainly due to Hu Zongnan's loyalty to Chiang Kai shek, as well as his misunderstanding and fear of Communist Party policies. Nevertheless, Zhou Huiyuan's attempt at rebellion demonstrated his positive attitude and actions in pursuing the peaceful liberation of Sichuan, and this spirit deserves recognition.

 

3.2 与中共的秘密联系

周惠元策反胡宗南的工作未能成功，之后，周惠元与中共方面建立了直接的秘密联系，为后面的行动做准备。这种联系主要通过以下几个渠道进行：

通过民主人士牵线：周惠元通过当时的民主人士，张澜、李济深等人，与中共方面建立了最初的联系。这些民主人士在国共之间起到了桥梁作用，为周惠元提供了解中共和沟通的渠道。

通过曾经在黄埔军校任职的关系：周惠元利用他在黄埔军校曾经任职的关系，与中共方面的黄埔同事和校友建立了联系。这些关系为周惠元提供了了解中共政策和意图的机会。

通过地下党组织：之后周惠元与中共川康地下党组织建立了直接联系，接受党的指示和建议。这些地下党组织为周惠元提供了重要的情报和支持。

周惠元与中共的秘密联系，使他能够更准确地把握当时的政治军事形势，为四川解放做更充分的准备。同时，这种联系也表明了周惠元追求和平、反对内战的政治立场。

3.2  Secret contacts with the Communist Party of China

Zhou Huiyuan's attempt to persuade Hu Zongnan was unsuccessful. Afterwards, Zhou Huiyuan established direct secret contacts with the Chinese Communist Party to prepare for future actions. This kind of connection is mainly conducted through the following channels:

Through the connections of democratic figures: Zhou Huiyuan established the initial connection with the Chinese Communist Party through democratic figures such as Zhang Lan and Li Jishen at that time. These democrats played a bridging role between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, providing Zhou Huiyuan with a channel to understand the CCP and communicate.

Through his previous employment at the Huangpu Military Academy, Zhou Huiyuan established connections with Huangpu colleagues and alumni from the Chinese Communist Party. These relationships provided Zhou Huiyuan with an opportunity to understand the policies and intentions of the Communist Party of China.

Through underground party organizations: Later, Zhou Huiyuan established direct contact with the underground party organizations of the Communist Party of China in Chuankang and accepted the Party's instructions and suggestions. These underground party organizations provided important intelligence and support to Zhou Huiyuan.

The secret connection between Zhou Huiyuan and the Communist Party enabled him to more accurately grasp the political and military situation at that time and make more comprehensive preparations for the liberation of Sichuan. At the same time, this connection also indicates Zhou Huiyuan's political stance of pursuing peace and opposing civil war.

 

3.3 周惠元与曾经黄埔军校老同事“周恩来”建立直接秘密联系，并向解放军及时提出正确精准战略路线行动，和内外默契配合

周惠元与周恩来是黄埔军校的老同事、老相识，曾经周恩来任黄埔军校政治部主任，而周惠元在黄埔军校历任政治部指导员、军事教官、总队附、大队长，曾经两人在公开场合因政治立场原因而分道扬镳；周惠元与周恩来建立直接秘密联系后，周惠元对四川本地的特别了解，及时向解放军提出了如何在四川出兵的正确精准战略路线行动建议，和内外默契配合。

1949年11月至1950年4月，解放军第二野战军主力在第一、第四野战军各部配合下，追歼西南地区的国民党军，解放四川、云南、贵州3省及西康省大部（今属四川省）的重要战略行动。

周惠元协助解放军并正确建议精准出兵路线行动：以第3兵团主力和第四野战军之第47军为左集团，直出彭水、黔江地区，迂回敌之右侧，协同第四野战军之第50军、第42军及湖北军区部队所组成的右集团，会歼该敌于彭水以东地区。同时，华北第十八兵团及第一野战军一部由陕南、甘南入川，但不宜过早攻击，应积极吸引胡部于秦岭地区，待第二野主力断其退路后，迅速进占川北，挺进成都，协同二野主力，聚歼胡部，解放川、康地区。

周恩来的战略指示：1949年11月，中共中央副主席、军委副主席“周恩来”通过中共驻雅安电台王少春同志电告黄埔军校老同事周惠元将军，周惠元又及时转告刘文辉、邓锡侯、潘文华等将领，周恩来原电文："大军行将西指，希望积极准备，相机配合，不宜过早行动，招致不必要的损失"。周惠元严格按照周恩来这一指示，在时机成熟时才动员起义，因此在起义时机的选择上非常谨慎。

                             [周恩来同志1948年在西柏坡办公室 照] [Photo of Comrade Zhou Enlai in Xibaipo Office in 1948] 

 

3.3  Zhou Huiyuan established direct and secret contact with his former colleague at Huangpu Military Academy, Zhou Enlai, and promptly proposed the correct and precise strategic route and actions to the People's Liberation Army, cooperating with internal and external tacit understanding

Zhou Huiyuan and Zhou Enlai were old colleagues and acquaintances of Huangpu Military Academy. Zhou Enlai once served as the director of the Political Department of Huangpu Military Academy, while Zhou Huiyuan held various positions in Huangpu Military Academy, including Political Department Instructor, Military Instructor, Corps Attach é, and Captain. The two parted ways in public due to political stance reasons; After establishing direct and secret contact with Zhou Enlai, Zhou Huiyuan gained a special understanding of Sichuan and promptly proposed to the People's Liberation Army the correct and precise strategic route for deploying troops in Sichuan, coordinating with both internal and external forces.

From November 1949 to April 1950, the main force of the Second Field Army of the People's Liberation Army, with the cooperation of various departments of the First and Fourth Field Armies, pursued and annihilated the Nationalist Army in the southwest region, which was an important strategic operation to liberate Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou provinces and most of Xikang Province (now part of Sichuan Province).

Zhou Huiyuan assisted the People's Liberation Army and correctly suggested a precise deployment route: with the main force of the 3rd Corps and the 47th Army of the 4th Field Army as the left group, they marched straight out of the Pengshui and Qianjiang areas, detoured to the right side of the enemy, and coordinated with the 50th Army, 42nd Army, and Hubei Military Region troops of the 4th Field Army to form the right group, which would annihilate the enemy in the area east of Pengshui. At the same time, the 18th Corps of the North China Army and a part of the First Field Army entered Sichuan from southern Shaanxi and southern Gansu, but it was not advisable to attack too early. They should actively attract the Hu troops in the Qinling region, and after the main force of the Second Field Army cut off their retreat route, quickly occupy northern Sichuan, advance to Chengdu, cooperate with the main force of the Second Field Army, gather and annihilate the Hu troops, and release the Sichuan and Kang areas.

Zhou Enlai's strategic instructions: In November 1949, Zhou Enlai, Vice Chairman of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and Vice Chairman of the Military Commission, sent a telegram to General Zhou Huiyuan, a former colleague of the Huangpu Military Academy, through Comrade Wang Shaochun of the Communist Party's Ya'an Radio Station. Zhou Huiyuan promptly conveyed the message to Liu Wenhui, Deng Xihou, Pan Wenhua and other generals. Zhou Enlai sent the original telegram: "The army is heading west and hopes to actively prepare and cooperate with the camera. It is not advisable to act too early and incur unnecessary losses. Zhou Huiyuan strictly followed Zhou Enlai's instructions and only mobilized the uprising when the time was ripe, so he was very cautious in choosing the timing of the uprising.

 

3.4周惠元将军组织成都市附近的彭县起义（注：现在指的成都起义，实质就是指国军在成都附近的“彭县或彭州”起义）

1949年12月初，周惠元以川康绥靖公署少将参军的身份，和几位川军高级将领，通电全国，宣布在成都市附近的彭县起义。

彭县起义是四川近代史上的重大历史事件。1949年12月9日，国民党西康省主席刘文辉、西南军政长官公署副长官邓锡侯、潘文华等川军将领当时率部9万余人精锐在成都市附近的彭县举行起义，（周惠元直接前后组织和动员的总计有26万国军部队起义，包括大量美式装备精锐部队）周惠元的成功行动，彻底打乱了国民党军“川西大决战”的部署，粉碎了蒋介石以西南为“复兴基地”的迷梦。也阻止胡宗南集团进入西康、退往云南、逃往国外的实施计划。

                [1949年周惠元将军撰写的 全国通电原文] [Original text of the national telegraph written by General Zhou Huiyuan in 1949]

 

3.4  General Zhou Huiyuan organized the Pengxian Uprising near Chengdu (note: the Chengdu Uprising now refers to the "Pengxian or Pengzhou" uprising of the Nationalist Army near Chengdu)

In early December 1949, Zhou Huiyuan, as a Major General of the Sichuan Kangxi Pacification Office, and several senior Sichuan military officers, sent a telegram to the whole country announcing the uprising in Pengxian near Chengdu.

The Pengxian Uprising is a significant historical event in the modern history of Sichuan. On December 9, 1949, Liu Wenhui, Chairman of the Nationalist Party's Xikang Province, Deng Xihou, Deputy Chief of the Southwest Military and Political Bureau, Pan Wenhua, and other Sichuan Army generals led more than 90000 elite troops to launch an uprising in Peng County near Chengdu. (Zhou Huiyuan directly organized and mobilized a total of 260000 military units, including a large number of American equipped elite troops) Zhou Huiyuan's successful operation completely disrupted the deployment of the Nationalist Army's "Western Sichuan Battle" and shattered Chiang Kai shek's dream of using the southwest as a "base for rejuvenation". It also prevented the implementation plan of Hu Zongnan Group from entering Xikang, retreating to Yunnan, and fleeing abroad.

 

3.5彭县起义后，9万义军被对方20万大军包围，进入非常危急时刻，双方剑拔弩张，周惠元将军用智慧和家族力量化解危机

彭县起义后，起义军面临的首要任务是抵御胡宗南的进攻，这时胡宗南奉蒋介石之命，先率部分军队回流成都市，用武力解决刘文辉驻成都市武侯祠的部队，和去抄成都市双流县红石舟渡周道刚的老家，同时派罗广文、陈克非等攻打彭县起义据点，彭县这时处在胡宗南、孙元良、杨森等蒋介石精锐军队约20万人的包围之中。

在这危急关头，周惠元迅速稳定所涉起义部队的军心，有效避免了内部哗变与冲突，确保武装队伍的凝聚力，然后积极组织军事部署，邓锡侯九十五军分布在彭县南面、西面，以柏条河为屏障防阻，东面北至浦江，南至蒙阳镇布防，并把撤退的后路也考虑好了，积极在彭县关口（今丹景山镇）海窝子（今新兴镇）一带构筑坚固工事，周惠元凭借其丰富的经验，和对四川本地的了解，精准的防御和部署战事。

因周惠元的提前部署；更因周惠元对敌方将领的特别了解，敌方将领胡宗南、孙元良都是周惠元曾经黄埔军校第一期的同学挚友，孙元良还是周惠元的成都双流老乡；而黄埔军校的前期建设发展受成都双流红石舟渡周家族在经济上的资助，并且杨森还是周惠元父亲周道刚在四川陆军速成学堂的学生；周惠元利用人脉关系和自身本地家族实力，暗中联络整合亲和平力量，经过周惠元多次外交周璇和积极行动，很快化解了对方20万人的包围。

3.5  After the Pengxian Uprising, 90000 rebel soldiers were surrounded by 200000 enemy troops, entering a very critical moment. The two sides were on high alert, and General Zhou Huiyuan used his wisdom and family strength to resolve the crisis

After the Pengxian Uprising, the primary task faced by the rebel army was to resist the attack of Hu Zongnan. At this time, Hu Zongnan was ordered by Chiang Kai shek to lead some of his troops back to Chengdu and use force to deal with Liu Wenhui's troops stationed at the Wuhou Temple in Chengdu, as well as to raid Zhou Daogang's hometown in Hongshi Zhoudu, Shuangliu County, Chengdu. At the same time, Luo Guangwen, Chen Kefei, and others were sent to attack the Pengxian Uprising stronghold. Pengxian was surrounded by about 200000 elite Chiang Kai shek troops including Hu Zongnan, Sun Yuanliang, and Yang Sen.

At this critical moment, Zhou Huiyuan quickly stabilized the morale of the rebel forces involved, effectively avoiding internal rebellions and conflicts, ensuring the cohesion of the armed forces, and then actively organized military deployments. Deng Xihou's 95th Army was distributed in the south and west of Peng County, with the Baitiao River as a barrier, and the east was north to Pujiang, and the south to Mengyang Town. He also considered the retreat route and actively built strong fortifications in the Haiwozi area of Peng County Pass (now Danjingshan Town) (now Xinxing Town). Zhou Huiyuan relied on his rich experience and understanding of local Sichuan to accurately defend and deploy the war.

Due to Zhou Huiyuan's early deployment; Due to Zhou Huiyuan's special understanding of enemy generals, both Hu Zongnan and Sun Yuanliang were close friends of Zhou Huiyuan's former classmates in the first phase of the Huangpu Military Academy. Sun Yuanliang was also Zhou Huiyuan's Chengdu Shuangliu fellow villager; The early construction and development of Huangpu Military Academy was financially supported by the Zhou family of Chengdu Shuangliu Hongshi Zhoudu, and Yang Sen was also a student of Zhou Daogang, the father of Zhou Huiyuan, at the Sichuan Army Accelerated Training School; Zhou Huiyuan utilized his personal connections and the strength of his local family to secretly connect and integrate pro peace forces. After multiple diplomatic exchanges with Zhou Xuan and active actions, Zhou Huiyuan quickly resolved the encirclement of 200000 people from the other side.

 

3.6周惠元将军对国民党军起义的推动

周惠元将军通电全国的彭县起义，对国民党军队的起义产生了重要推动作用和示范效应。

周惠元作为黄埔一期一队生、国民党中央军校总队长兼战术教官、国民党中央军校核心人物、国民党党务工作核心人物、四川本地将军、而且周惠元的周家族也是黄埔军校前期建设的经济资助者，他的起义表明连蒋介石的嫡系军校将领也对国民党失去了信心。这种示范效应对于瓦解国民党军队的士气，推动更多国民党军队起义具有重要作用。

这种示范效应主要表现在以下几个方面：

提供了成功的先例：彭县起义的成功，为川西地区其他国民党军提供了一个成功的先例，证明了起义是一条可行的道路。

增强了起义的信心：周惠元等国民党将领的起义行动，增强了其他国民党军将领和士兵起义的信心，减少了他们对起义后果的担忧。

提供了组织经验：彭县起义的组织和实施经验，为其他国民党军的起义提供了重要参考，促进了起义的顺利进行。

提高起义部队的凝聚力：周惠元利用他在四川的军政界的影响力和自身成都家族的影响力积极宣传起义的必要性和好处，提高了起义部队的凝聚力和士气。

增强起义决策的科学性：周惠元凭借丰富的经验和对局势的深入分析，为其他国民党军起义决策提供了重要的参考意见，增强了起义决策的科学性和可行性。

扩大起义的影响范围：周惠元利用他的人脉网络和家族关系，积极动员其他国民党将领和部队参与起义，扩大了起义的影响范围。

在彭县起义的影响下，川西地区的国民党军纷纷宣布起义，加速了四川和平解放的进程。这些起义包括：

1949年12月10日，国民党第95军军长黄隐在彭县宣布起义。

1949年12月24日，国民党第15兵团司令官罗广文、第20兵团司令官陈克非在郫县安德铺宣布起义。

1949年12月25日，国民党第7兵团司令官裴昌会在德阳孝泉镇宣布起义。

1949年12月26日，国民党第16兵团司令官董宋珩、副司令官曾苏元在广汉宣布起义。

在周惠元本地起义将军的带动下，国民党军在四川的90多万部队就有36万人起义（其中：周惠元直接前后组织和动员的总计有26万国军部队起义，包括大量美式装备精锐部队），和15万国军投诚，这些起义和投诚，大大减少了解放军解放四川的阻力，也减少了人员伤亡和财产损失，为四川的和平解放做出了重要贡献。

3.6  General Zhou Huiyuan's Promotion of the Nationalist Army Uprising

General Zhou Huiyuan's telegram to the Pengxian Uprising across the country played an important role in promoting and demonstrating the uprising of the Kuomintang army.

Zhou Huiyuan, as a student of the first phase of Huangpu Military Academy, the captain and tactical instructor of the Nationalist Party Central Military Academy, a core figure of the Nationalist Party Central Military Academy, a core figure of the Nationalist Party's party affairs work, a local general in Sichuan, and also a financial supporter of the early construction of Huangpu Military Academy by Zhou Huiyuan's Zhou family, his uprising showed that even Chiang Kai shek's legitimate military academy leaders had lost confidence in the Nationalist Party. This demonstration effect plays an important role in undermining the morale of the Kuomintang army and promoting more uprisings by the Kuomintang army.

This demonstration effect is mainly manifested in the following aspects:

Provided a successful precedent: the success of the Pengxian Uprising provided a successful precedent for other Nationalist armies in western Sichuan, proving that the uprising was a feasible path.

Enhanced the confidence of the uprising: The uprising actions of Kuomintang generals such as Zhou Huiyuan strengthened the confidence of other Kuomintang military leaders and soldiers in the uprising, reducing their concerns about the consequences of the uprising.

Provided organizational experience: The organization and implementation experience of the Pengxian Uprising provided important references for other Kuomintang army uprisings and promoted the smooth progress of the uprising.

Enhancing the cohesion of the uprising forces: Zhou Huiyuan actively promoted the necessity and benefits of the uprising by utilizing his influence in the military and political circles in Sichuan and his own Chengdu family, which improved the cohesion and morale of the uprising forces.

Enhancing the scientificity of uprising decisions: Zhou Huiyuan, with his rich experience and in-depth analysis of the situation, provided important reference opinions for other Kuomintang army uprising decisions, enhancing the scientificity and feasibility of uprising decisions.

Expanding the scope of influence of the uprising: Zhou Huiyuan utilized his network of contacts and family relationships to actively mobilize other Nationalist generals and troops to participate in the uprising, expanding the scope of influence of the uprising.

Under the influence of the Pengxian Uprising, the Nationalist Army in western Sichuan announced uprisings one after another, accelerating the process of peaceful liberation of Sichuan. These uprisings include:

On December 10, 1949, Huang Yin, the commander of the Nationalist 95th Army, declared an uprising in Peng County.

On December 24, 1949, Luo Guangwen, commander of the 15th Corps of the Kuomintang, and Chen Kefei, commander of the 20th Corps, announced an uprising in Andepu, Pixian County.

On December 25, 1949, Pei Changhui, commander of the Nationalist 7th Corps, announced an uprising in Xiaoquan Town, Deyang.

On December 26, 1949, Dong Songheng, Commander of the 16th Corps of the Kuomintang, and Zeng Suyuan, Deputy Commander, announced an uprising in Guanghan.

Under the leadership of General Zhou Huiyuan's local uprising, 360000 Nationalist troops in Sichuan rose up (including 260000 Nationalist troops directly organized and mobilized by Zhou Huiyuan, including a large number of American equipped elite troops), and 150000 Nationalist troops surrendered. These uprisings and surrenders greatly reduced the resistance of the People's Liberation Army to liberate Sichuan, as well as reduced casualties and property losses, making important contributions to the peaceful liberation of Sichuan.

 

3.7周惠元利用自己在旧政权中的影响力，帮助新政权顺利接管各项事务

周惠元依托自己成都本土将军的身份及在川军中多年积累的人脉和自身周家族的力量，积极协助解放军接管成都，及联络成都周边地方武装与乡绅群体，传递"战则民苦，和则民安"的主张，瓦解国民党政权的基层统治根基，维护地方稳定。也参与了对地方顽固国民党残余军队的策反工作，比如往集结在温江，郫县、崇宁（今唐昌镇），新都、广汉，什邡等地的国民党军去作起义策反的工作，顺利解了崇、彭、灌之危，紧接着又争取了驻温江的罗广文兵团倒戈，在郫县起义。

3.7  Zhou Huiyuan used his influence in the old regime to help the new regime smoothly take over various affairs

Zhou Huiyuan, relying on his identity as a local general in Chengdu and his accumulated network in the Sichuan military for many years, as well as the strength of his Zhou family, actively assisted the People's Liberation Army in taking over Chengdu, and contacted local armed forces and gentry groups around Chengdu, conveying the proposition of "war brings hardship to the people, peace brings peace to the people", breaking the grassroots rule foundation of the Kuomintang regime, and maintaining local stability. He also participated in the rebellion against the stubborn remnants of the Kuomintang army in the local areas, such as mobilizing the Kuomintang army in Wenjiang, Pixian, Chongning (now Tangchang Town), Xindu, Guanghan, Shifang and other places to carry out uprising and rebellion, successfully resolving the crisis of Chong, Peng and Guan, and then winning the defection of Luo Guangwen's army stationed in Wenjiang to rebel in Pixian.

 

 

3.8成都起义实质是指彭县（彭州）起义，它产生的“蝴蝶效应”，影响整个四川和大西南的解放，并导致“蒋介石”仓皇出逃

周惠元组织动员的彭县起义对国民党内部产生了强烈的分化瓦解作用，这次起义是继北平、湖南两次起义后，大陆上的最后一次大规模起义，震惊了蒋介石集团；成都也是蒋在大陆的最后立足点，这次起义让“蒋介石”心惊肉跳，他怕重蹈西安事变覆辙，赶忙于彭县起义的次日下午2时在成都凤凰山机场登上"中美"号专机飞往台湾。蒋介石的仓皇逃离，标志着国民党在大陆统治崩溃。

3.8  The Chengdu Uprising essentially refers to the Pengxian (Pengzhou) Uprising, which generated a "butterfly effect" that affected the liberation of the entire Sichuan and southwestern regions, and led to the hasty escape of "Chiang Kai shek"

The Pengxian Uprising organized and mobilized by Zhou Huiyuan had a strong pisive and disintegrating effect on the Kuomintang. This uprising was the last large-scale uprising on the mainland after the two uprisings in Beiping and Hunan, shocking the Chiang Kai shek group; Chengdu was also Chiang Kai shek's last foothold in mainland China. This uprising made "Chiang Kai shek" tremble with fear. He was afraid of repeating the mistakes of the Xi'an Incident and rushed to board the "China US" special plane at Fenghuangshan Airport in Chengdu at 2 pm the next day of the Pengxian Uprising to fly to Taiwan. Chiang Kai shek's hasty escape marked the collapse of the Kuomintang's rule on the mainland.

 

 

3.9周惠元曾经黄埔军校老同事“周恩来”的评价

成都市附近的彭县（彭州）起义成功后，周恩来的评价原文是："彭县起义是继北平、湖南两次起义后，大陆上的最后一次起义，震惊了蒋介石集团，连最后一场美梦也破灭了"。

3.9  Evaluation of Zhou Huiyuan's former colleague "Zhou Enlai" at Huangpu Military Academy

After the successful uprising in Pengxian (Pengzhou) near Chengdu, Zhou Enlai's original evaluation was: "The Pengxian Uprising was the last uprising on the mainland after the two uprisings in Beiping and Hunan, shocking the Chiang Kai shek group and even shattering the last dream.

 

3.10成都和平解放，千年古城完好无损；也标志着国民党在大陆统治基本结束

在周惠元本地起义将军的带动下，国民党军在四川的90多万部队就有36万部队起义和15万部队投诚，这种大规模的倒戈，使国民党军在西南地区的军事力量瞬间瓦解，对整个西南战役的速胜起到了良好的作用。

彭县12月9日起义，成都12月27日实现和平解放，整个过程仅用了18天，成都千年古城完好无损，创造了和平起义的军事奇迹。这种快速的解放进程，大大缩短了全国解放战争的时间。成都的解放也标志着国民党在大陆统治基本结束。

3.10  On March 10th, Chengdu was peacefully liberated, and the millennium old city remained intact; It also marks the basic end of the Kuomintang's rule in mainland China

Under the leadership of General Zhou Huiyuan's local uprising, 360000 out of over 900000 Nationalist troops in Sichuan rebelled and 150000 surrendered. This large-scale defection caused the Nationalist army's military strength in the southwestern region to collapse instantly, playing a good role in the rapid victory of the entire southwestern campaign.

Peng County rebelled on December 9th, and Chengdu achieved peaceful liberation on December 27th. The entire process only took 18 days, and the millennium old city of Chengdu remained intact, creating a military miracle of peaceful uprising. This rapid process of liberation greatly shortened the duration of the national liberation war. The liberation of Chengdu also marked the basic end of the Kuomintang's rule in mainland China.

 

3.11周惠元部队对胡宗南部队产生了巨大的牵制作用，在解放军的正确战略路线攻势下，国民党军有40万人被歼，胡宗南部也被彻底消灭

周惠元部队对胡宗南部队产生了巨大的牵制作用。起义打乱了蒋介石预谋与我军作最后"川西大决战"的部署，动摇了国民党当局妄图建立所谓“陆上基地”的根基。起义帮助了我军阻截并关闭了胡宗南部逃窜康、滇的大门，加快了解放大西南的进程，减少了人员的伤亡和城市的破坏。

在解放军的正确战略路线攻势下，国民党军有40万人被歼，号称“天下无敌”的蒋介石核心嫡系胡宗南部也被彻底消灭。

3.11  Zhou Huiyuan's troops had a huge restraining effect on Hu Zongnan's troops. Under the correct strategic offensive of the People's Liberation Army, 400000 Nationalist soldiers were annihilated, and Hu Zongnan's troops were completely eliminated

Zhou Huiyuan's troops had a huge restraining effect on Hu Zongnan's troops. The uprising disrupted Chiang Kai shek's plan to engage in the final "Battle of Western Sichuan" with our army and shook the foundation of the Nationalist government's attempt to establish a so-called "land base". The uprising helped our army intercept and close the gates of Hu Zongnan's escape to Kang and Yunnan, accelerating the process of understanding and expanding the southwest, reducing casualties and urban destruction.

Under the correct strategic offensive of the People's Liberation Army, 400000 Nationalist soldiers were annihilated, and the so-called "invincible" core loyalist of Chiang Kai shek, Hu Zongnan, was completely eliminated.

 

四、周惠元在起义中的作用

4.1 起义决策作用

周惠元参与了起义计划的制定和修改工作。他根据自己对国民党军队部署的了解，提出了具体的起义行动计划，包括如何控制重要军事设施、如何应对可能的抵抗等。这些建议为起义的顺利进行提供了重要保障。

（4）The role of Zhou Huiyuan in the uprising

4.1  Role of Uprising Decision making

Zhou Huiyuan participated in the formulation and revision of the uprising plan. He proposed a specific plan for the uprising based on his understanding of the deployment of the Kuomintang army, including how to control important military facilities and how to respond to possible resistance. These suggestions provided important guarantees for the smooth progress of the uprising.

 

4.2 起义部队的组织与动员

周惠元在起义部队的组织和动员方面发挥了重要作用。他利用自己在四川军政界的影响力，积极组织和动员部队参与起义。

主要通过以下几个方面开展工作：

情报收集：周惠元利用自己本地将军和职务便利的优势，收集了大量关于国民党军队部署和行动计划的情报，为起义决策提供了重要依据。

宣传动员：周惠元向部队官兵宣传共产党的政策和起义的意义，提高了官兵对起义的认识和支持度。他利用自己的军事和政治经验，深入浅出地解释了起义的必要性和好处，有效消除了官兵的顾虑。

组织协调：周惠元协调了川康绥靖公署内部各部门之间的关系，确保了起义准备工作的顺利进行。他还与其他起义将领保持密切联系，共同制定起义计划，确保了起义行动的协调一致。

周惠元的这些工作，为起义的成功奠定了坚实的组织基础。他的努力使得起义部队能够在关键时刻迅速集结，形成了强大的战斗力，为起义的成功做出了重要贡献。

4.2  Organization and Mobilization of Uprising Forces

Zhou Huiyuan played an important role in the organization and mobilization of the uprising forces. He utilized his influence in the military and political circles in Sichuan to actively organize and mobilize troops to participate in the uprising.

The work is mainly carried out through the following aspects:

Intelligence collection: Zhou Huiyuan utilized his advantage as a local general and convenient position to collect a large amount of intelligence on the deployment and action plans of the Kuomintang army, providing important basis for the decision-making of the uprising.

Propaganda and mobilization: Zhou Huiyuan promoted the policies of the Communist Party and the significance of the uprising to the officers and soldiers of the army, which increased their understanding and support for the uprising. He used his military and political experience to explain in simple terms the necessity and benefits of the uprising, effectively eliminating the concerns of the officers and soldiers.

Organizational coordination: Zhou Huiyuan coordinated the relationships between various departments within the Sichuan Kangxi Pacification Office, ensuring the smooth progress of the preparations for the uprising. He also maintained close contact with other rebel generals, jointly formulating uprising plans and ensuring the coordination and consistency of the uprising actions.

Zhou Huiyuan's work laid a solid organizational foundation for the success of the uprising. His efforts enabled the rebel forces to quickly assemble at critical moments, forming a powerful combat force and making significant contributions to the success of the uprising.

 

4.3 起义后的部队整编与稳定

周惠元等人进行起义部队整编和地方稳定工作，为四川的和平过渡做出了贡献。

在部队整编方面，周惠元主要做了以下工作：

思想教育：周惠元对起义部队进行思想教育，帮助官兵转变思想，适应新的政治环境。他组织官兵学习共产党的政策和解放军的纪律，提高了官兵的政治觉悟和纪律性。

军事训练：周惠元参与了起义部队的军事训练工作，帮助提高部队的战斗力。他根据解放军的训练方法，结合起义部队的实际情况，制定了针对性的训练计划，有效提高了部队的作战能力。

组织调整：周惠元协助解放军对起义部队进行组织调整，优化了部队结构，提高解放军的指挥效率。

在地方稳定方面，周惠元积极参与了对地方治安的维护和社会秩序的恢复工作。他组织部队协助地方政府开展工作，打击了国民党残余势力和土匪的破坏活动，为四川的和平过渡创造了良好的社会环境。

4.3  Post Uprising Troop Reorganization and Stability

Zhou Huiyuan and others carried out the reorganization of the uprising forces and local stability work, making contributions to the peaceful transition of Sichuan.

In terms of troop reorganization, Zhou Huiyuan mainly did the following work:

Ideological Education: Zhou Huiyuan provided ideological education to the rebel forces, helping them transform their thinking and adapt to the new political environment. He organized officers and soldiers to study the policies of the Communist Party and the discipline of the People's Liberation Army, which improved their political consciousness and discipline.

Military training: Zhou Huiyuan participated in the military training of the uprising troops, helping to improve their combat effectiveness. He developed targeted training plans based on the training methods of the People's Liberation Army and combined them with the actual situation of the rebel forces, effectively improving the combat capabilities of the troops.

Organizational adjustment: Zhou Huiyuan assisted the People's Liberation Army in organizing and adjusting the uprising forces, optimizing the force structure and improving the command efficiency of the People's Liberation Army.

In terms of local stability, Zhou Huiyuan actively participated in maintaining local security and restoring social order. He organized troops to assist local governments in their work, cracked down on the remnants of the Kuomintang and the destructive activities of bandits, and created a favorable social environment for the peaceful transition of Sichuan.

 

4.4周惠元的历史贡献具有以下几个特点

务实性：周惠元的起义行动不是一时冲动，而是基于对当时政治军事形势的深入分析和判断。他认识到国民党统治的腐败和不可持续性，选择了顺应历史潮流的道路。

针对性：周惠元在起义过程中，针对国民党军队的弱点和共产党的优势，提出了具体的起义计划和行动方案，具有很强的针对性和可操作性。

系统性：周惠元不仅自己参与起义，还积极组织和动员其他国民党将领和部队参与起义，形成了系统性的起义行动，大大增强了起义的影响力和效果。

持续性：周惠元在起义后继续为四川的和平稳定和发展做出贡献，体现了他对国家和人民的责任感和使命感。

4.4  Zhou Huiyuan's historical contributions have the following characteristics

Practicality: Zhou Huiyuan's uprising was not a momentary impulse, but based on in-depth analysis and judgment of the political and military situation at that time. He realized the corruption and unsustainability of the Kuomintang's rule and chose to follow the historical trend.

Targeted: During the uprising, Zhou Huiyuan put forward specific uprising plans and action plans targeting the weaknesses of the Kuomintang army and the advantages of the Communist Party, which have strong pertinence and operability.

Systematic: Zhou Huiyuan not only participated in the uprising himself, but also actively organized and mobilized other Nationalist generals and troops to participate in the uprising, forming a systematic uprising action, greatly enhancing the influence and effectiveness of the uprising.

Sustainability: Zhou Huiyuan continued to contribute to the peace, stability, and development of Sichuan after the uprising, reflecting his sense of responsibility and mission to the country and the people.

 

五、周惠元将军对四川的影响

周惠元作为土生土长的成都双流籍将领，深知四川局势的复杂与战乱对家乡的摧残，他以实际行动为四川和平解放筑牢根基，成为家乡免于战火浩劫的重要推动者。这位黄埔一期一队毕业的将领、国民党中央军校核心人物、国民党党务工作核心人物、四川本地将军，用军中声望与本土情怀，在时代洪流中书写了保境安民的动人篇章，彰显了乱世中知识分子与军人的良知担当。

其次，起义后，周惠元与其他起义将领积极配合解放军接管城市，维护社会秩序。

周惠元将军撰写的起义全国通电文中明确要求：“所属川、康全体军政人员，一律服从北京政府的领导，并尽忠职守，保护好川、康两省全境社会秩序、人民安全、公私财产，随时等候解放军之接收；并积极配合解放军，肃清国民党之残余，以期川、康两省全境早获解放，人民早享太平。”他这一要求得到了有效执行，四川各地的社会秩序很快得到恢复。

起义也保护了重要的战略资源，四川是中国重要的战略后方，拥有丰富的资源和重要的工业设施，和平解放使这些资源和设施得到了完整的保护，为新中国的建设提供了重要支撑。

[这是建于清朝嘉庆年间，原成都双流红石舟渡周家大院，如今仅存小部分历史老墙  照] [This is a photo of the historical old wall that was built during the Jiaqing period of the Qing Dynasty and was originally the Zhou family's courtyard at the Hongshi Ferry in Shuangliu, Chengdu. Today, only a small part of it remains.]

 

（5） General Zhou Huiyuan's influence on Sichuan

As a Chengdu Shuangliu born and raised general, Zhou Huiyuan was well aware of the complexity of the situation in Sichuan and the devastation caused by the war on his hometown. With practical actions, he laid a solid foundation for the peaceful liberation of Sichuan and became an important promoter for his hometown to avoid the ravages of war. This general, who graduated from the Huangpu First Division, is a core figure of the Kuomintang Central Military Academy, a core figure of the Kuomintang's party affairs work, and a local general in Sichuan. With military prestige and local sentiment, he wrote a touching chapter on protecting the country and the people in the tide of the times, demonstrating the conscience and responsibility of intellectuals and soldiers in turbulent times.

Secondly, after the uprising, Zhou Huiyuan and other rebel generals actively cooperated with the People's Liberation Army to take over the city and maintain social order.

In the nationwide uprising telegram written by General Zhou Huiyuan, it was clearly required that "all military and political personnel in Sichuan and Kang provinces must obey the leadership of the Beijing government, fulfill their duties faithfully, protect social order, people's safety, and public and private property throughout the provinces, and wait for the People's Liberation Army to receive them at any time; actively cooperate with the People's Liberation Army to eliminate the remnants of the Kuomintang, in order to achieve early liberation and peace for the people in Sichuan and Kang provinces." His request was effectively implemented, and social order in various parts of Sichuan was quickly restored.

The uprising also protected important strategic resources. Sichuan is an important strategic rear area in China, with abundant resources and important industrial facilities. Peaceful liberation has fully protected these resources and facilities, providing important support for the construction of New China.

 

六、周道刚、周惠元父子将军的民族大义对家族的影响

 

6.1成都双流红石舟渡周家历史

原成都双流红石舟渡周家历代书香世阀，族谱记载祖上为“汉皇后裔”，这有考古和文献证据。

“红石舟渡周家大院老宅”的历史可追溯至清朝嘉庆年间（注：周家大院老宅解放后充公上交，文革期间被毁，现在位置为“成都市双流区彭镇舟渡村的办公用地”）。

历史是因湖广填四川，祖先周思志从湖广行省迁入成都双流行医，经过几代人的发展，周家逐渐成为当时成都的名门望族，清末民初，红石周家更是涌现出，周道刚、周惠元、周子言、周列三等杰出人物；他们在四川、在全国的历史舞台上扮演了重要角色。

                                                  [周子言同志，1985年3月照] [Comrade Zhou Ziyan, March 1985 photo]

 

                                                                   [周列三同志 像] [Portrait of Comrade Zhou Lisan]

 

（6） The influence of the national righteousness of General Zhou Daogang and General Zhou Huiyuan on the family

6.1  Chengdu Shuangliu Hongshi Boat Crossing Zhou Family History

The original Chengdu Shuangliu Hongshi Zhoudu Zhou family has been known for its literary tradition throughout the ages, and the genealogy records that their ancestors were descendants of the Han Emperor, which is supported by archaeological and documentary evidence.

The history of the "Hongshi Zhoudu Zhou Family Courtyard Old Residence" can be traced back to the Jiaqing period of the Qing Dynasty (note: the Zhou Family Courtyard Old Residence was confiscated and handed over after liberation, and was destroyed during the Cultural Revolution. Its current location is "office land in Zhoudu Village, Pengzhen, Shuangliu District, Chengdu City").

History is due to the filling of Sichuan by Hubei and Guangxi provinces, and the migration of ancestor Zhou Sizhi from Hubei and Guangxi provinces to Chengdu. After several generations of development, the Zhou family gradually became a prestigious family in Chengdu at that time. In the late Qing Dynasty and early Republic of China, the Hongshi Zhou family emerged, including outstanding figures such as Zhou Daogang, Zhou Huiyuan, Zhou Ziyan, and Zhou Liesan; They played an important role on the historical stage in Sichuan and across the country.

 

6.2周家出了个四川大省的顶梁柱---救国实业家“周道刚”，为中国抗日最艰难的情况下，源源输入了不断的四川动力

周惠元的父亲周道刚算是家族最杰出的人物，更是四川大省的顶梁柱；他清末公派留学日本陆军士官学校，作为清末武备系的后期首脑，曾担任北洋政府四川省督军、四川省主席等重要职务，他不仅是一位军政领袖，更是一位实业家，是发展实业的优秀救国者，周道刚兴办了四川的现代化工业、铁路建设、公路建设、纺织业、发展汽车业务从无到有、发展商业起步到繁荣、兴办各类教育，培养军事人才等。这些实业为中国抗日最艰难的情况下，源源输入了不断的四川动力。

6.2  The Zhou family has produced a pillar of support for the Sichuan province - the patriotic industrialist "Zhou Daogang", who continuously injected Sichuan power into China's resistance against Japan during the most difficult situation

Zhou Huiyuan's father, Zhou Daogang, is considered the most outstanding figure in the family and the backbone of Sichuan Province; He was sent to study at the Japanese Army Noncommissioned Officer School during the late Qing Dynasty. As the later leader of the military preparation department, he held important positions such as the Governor of Sichuan Province and the Chairman of Sichuan Province in the Beiyang Government. He was not only a military and political leader, but also an industrialist and an excellent savior of the country in developing industry. Zhou Daogang established modern industry, railway construction, highway construction, textile industry, developed automobile business from scratch, developed commerce from scratch to prosperity, established various types of education, and cultivated military talents in Sichuan. These industries provided a continuous source of Sichuan power for China's resistance against Japan during the most difficult period.

 

6.3培养大量本地川军抗日将领，在中国抗日最艰难的情况下，川军为中国正面军事抗日做出重大贡献和牺牲

周道刚担任四川武备学堂教官、总办，四川陆军速成学堂监督，四川陆军小学堂总办，等职时，培养了大批本地川军官，比如他的优秀学生“刘湘”“杨森”“王铭章”“李家钰”等，这些军事人才都为中国正面军事抗日做出重大贡献和牺牲。

                                                  [周道刚的学生之一“刘湘“] [Liu Xiang, one of Zhou Daogang's students]

 

6.3  Cultivate a large number of local Sichuan Army anti Japanese generals. In the most difficult situation of China's resistance against Japan, the Sichuan Army made significant contributions and sacrifices to China's frontal military resistance against Japan

During his tenure as an instructor and general manager of the Sichuan Military Preparedness School, supervisor of the Sichuan Army Rapid Training School, and general manager of the Sichuan Army Elementary School, Zhou Daogang trained a large number of local Sichuan military officers, such as his outstanding students "Liu Xiang", "Yang Sen", "Wang Mingzhang", "Li Jiayu", etc. These military talents made significant contributions and sacrifices to China's frontal military resistance against Japan.

 

6.4周家兴办的实业，解放后全部上交国家，这些实业成为解放后四川重庆经济起步的基础，至今也还发挥着关键作用

周道刚兴办的四川现代化工业、四川现代化交通、四川现代化商业、四川现代化教育等实业，为中国抗日提供了源源不断的四川动力，解放后这些实业全部上交国家，这是“周家”爱国爱川和民族大义的表现，这些实业成为解放后四川重庆经济起步的基础，至今也还发挥着关键作用。

6.4  The industries established by Zhou Jiaxing were all handed over to the state after the liberation. These industries became the foundation for the economic development of Sichuan and Chongqing after the liberation and still play a key role today

The modern industries, transportation, commerce, and education established by Zhou Daogang in Sichuan provided a continuous source of Sichuan power for China's resistance against Japan. After liberation, all these industries were handed over to the country, which was a manifestation of the Zhou family's patriotism, love for Sichuan, and national righteousness. These industries became the foundation for the economic development of Chongqing, Sichuan after liberation and still play a key role today.

 

6.5和平解放四川，是周家民族大义、爱国精神的体现

周惠元是成都双流红石舟渡周家族杰出人物，在周惠元组织起义行动的浪潮下，国民党军在四川的90多万部队就有36万人起义（其中：周惠元直接前后组织和动员的总计有26万国军部队起义，包括大量美式装备精锐部队），和15万国军投诚，这些起义和投诚，为四川和中国的解放事业做出了贡献，周家顺应历史潮流、追求和平，这体现了他家族的民族大义和爱国精神。

6.5  Peaceful liberation of Sichuan is a manifestation of the Zhou family's national righteousness and patriotic spirit

Zhou Huiyuan is an outstanding figure of the Zhou family in Shuangliu Hongshi Ferry, Chengdu. Under the wave of uprising organized by Zhou Huiyuan, 360000 of the Nationalist Army's 900000 strong troops in Sichuan rebelled (including a total of 260000 Nationalist Army troops directly organized and mobilized by Zhou Huiyuan, including a large number of American equipped elite troops), and 150000 Nationalist Army defected. These uprisings and defections made contributions to the liberation cause of Sichuan and China. Zhou Jiashun followed the historical trend and pursued peace, which reflects his family's national righteousness and patriotic spirit.

 

6.6基因传承，谦谦君子温润如玉，解放后周家后辈的日子过得都比较贫困（注：去台湾…等地的周家后辈，没统计），但再苦再穷周家重视教育的传统一直没丢

基因传承，谦谦君子温润如玉，解放后周家后辈的日子过得都比较贫困（注：去台湾…等地的周家后辈，没统计），但再苦再穷周家重视教育的传统一直没丢，成都双流红石舟渡周家后辈人才挤挤，比如“周子言”同志，1943年毕业于"国立四川大学"，同年进入国民政府成都市政府工作，1949年作为当时青年才俊，毅然选择谢绝去台湾，随后进入“中国人民解放军第二野战军军事政治大学”接受学习，学习结束后随解放军南下，辗转贵州多地多单位工作过，（文革期间被冤遭多次批斗和入狱，后国家首批平反，完全彻底恢复政治名誉）后到1985年7月在贵州省遵义地区正安县教育局局机关退休，一生主要从事文化和教育方面的工作，学识渊博、学术深厚、业绩丰硕，是文化名人，为国家做出贡献。而他孙“周汉林”同志，曾用名周亮，80年代在贵州省遵义地区正安县教育局家属院出生，他业余在天文学、宇宙学、宇宙演化预测方面、等…，有著作贡献。

现家族后辈在发达地方的：有在台湾、有在美国、有在加拿大、有在北京等定居生活，出了几个博士后，在科研上有丰硕业绩。这也反映了“成都双流红石周家”重视教育的传统一直没丢。

           [第一排 正中间位置为“周子言”同志，1978年3月 照] [Comrade Zhou Ziyan is in the middle of the first row, photo from March 1978]

 

[2019年周汉林同志与共建一带一路中东国家阿联酋的王室成员，文化交流与互学互鉴] [In 2019, Comrade Zhou Hanlin and members of the royal family of the United Arab Emirates, a Middle East country jointly building the the Belt and Road, conducted cultural exchanges and mutual learning]

 

[周汉林同志业余被聘为非洲国家马达加斯加共和国的“国家顾问”,2021年周汉林与非洲国家大使进行民间文化交流 ] [Comrade Zhou Hanlin was hired as a "national advisor" for the African country of Madagascar in his spare time, In 2021, Zhou Hanlin conducted cultural exchanges with ambassadors from African countries]

 

[在2024年中俄文化年期间，周汉林同志在莫斯科同俄罗斯友人一起文化交流学习] [During the 2024 China Russia Cultural Year, Comrade Zhou Hanlin participated in cultural exchange and learning with Russian friends in Moscow]

 

6.6  Genetic inheritance, humble and gentle gentlemen as jade. After the liberation, the younger generations of the Zhou family lived relatively poor (note: the younger generations of the Zhou family who went to Taiwan and other places were not included in the statistics), but no matter how hard or poor they were, the tradition of emphasizing education in the Zhou family has never been lost

Genetic inheritance, humble and gentle gentlemen as jade. After the liberation, the younger generations of the Zhou family lived relatively poor lives (note: the younger generations of the Zhou family who went to Taiwan and other places were not included in the statistics), but the tradition of valuing education in the Zhou family has never been lost. The Chengdu Shuangliu Hongshi Boat Crossing Zhou family's younger generations are crowded with talents, such as Comrade "Zhou Ziyan", who graduated from "National Sichuan University" in 1943 and entered the Chengdu Municipal Government of the National Government to work in the same year. In 1949, as a young talent at that time, he resolutely chose not to go to Taiwan and then entered the "Second Field Army Military and Political University of the Chinese People's Liberation Army" for study. After completing his studies, he followed the People's Liberation Army southward and worked in many places and units in Guizhou. During the Cultural Revolution, he was unjustly criticized and imprisoned multiple times. Later, he was among the first to be exonerated by the state and his political reputation was completely restored After retiring from the Education Bureau of Zheng'an County, Zunyi Prefecture, Guizhou Province in July 1985, he mainly engaged in cultural and educational work throughout his life. He had extensive knowledge, profound academic achievements, and was a cultural celebrity who made contributions to the country. And his grandson Comrade Zhou Hanlin, formerly known as Zhou Liang, was born in the 1980s at the Family Home of Zheng'an County Education Bureau in Zunyi, Guizhou Province. He has made contributions in astronomy, cosmology, and cosmic evolution prediction in his spare time.

The younger generations of the current family have settled in developed areas such as Taiwan, the United States, Canada, and Beijing, and have produced several postdoctoral fellows with fruitful achievements in scientific research. This also reflects that the tradition of valuing education in the "Chengdu Shuangliu Hongshi Zhou Family" has never been lost.

 

七、总结：成都双流红石舟渡周家在四川历史贡献的启示

 

周家在四川的历史贡献，给我们留下了以下几点启示：顺应历史潮流的重要、维护国家统一的责任、民族大义的担当和责任、个人选择与历史责任的统一。

比如“周道刚将军”，兴办的实业全部上交国家，和培养的川军在抗日时的英勇表现。再有后来的“周惠元将军”组织起义行动。等……。这完全体现了顺应历史潮流的重要、维护国家统一的责任、民族大义的担当和责任、个人选择与历史责任的统一；这启示我们，个人的命运与国家的命运紧密相连，只有将个人选择与国家利益相结合，才能实现个人价值与社会价值的统一。

解放后，周家后辈生活虽多处于贫苦之中，但其精神层面始终丰盈。

总之，原成都双流红石周家的历史贡献和精神品质，这些事迹将永远铭刻在四川人民的历史记忆中，是中国近代史上的宝贵历史财富，也是我们大家的宝贵历史财富，激励着川渝地区的人民在新时代创造更加美好的未来，为实现川渝地区美好生活和繁荣发展而不懈努力。

（7） Summary: Inspiration from the historical contribution of the Zhou family's crossing of the Chengdu Shuangliu Hongshi River in Sichuan Province

The historical contributions of the Zhou family in Sichuan have left us with the following insights: the importance of following the historical trend, the responsibility of maintaining national unity, the responsibility and commitment to national righteousness, and the unity of personal choice and historical responsibility.

For example, General Zhou Daogang surrendered all the industries he established to the state and trained the brave performance of the Sichuan Army during the resistance against Japan. Later, General Zhou Huiyuan organized an uprising. Wait. This fully reflects the importance of following the historical trend, the responsibility of maintaining national unity, the responsibility and commitment to national righteousness, and the unity of personal choice and historical responsibility; This enlightens us that the fate of inpiduals is closely linked to the fate of the country. Only by combining inpidual choices with national interests can we achieve the unity of inpidual value and social value.

After liberation, although the younger generations of the Zhou family lived in poverty, their spiritual level remained abundant.

In short, the historical contributions and spiritual qualities of the Zhou family of Hongshi in Shuangliu, Chengdu, will forever be engraved in the historical memory of the people of Sichuan. These deeds are precious historical treasures in modern Chinese history and for all of us. They inspire the people of Sichuan and Chongqing to create a better future in the new era and make unremitting efforts to achieve a better life and prosperous development in the region.

来源：环球邮报中文网